The New York City Draft Riots - 3042 Words

[H1]15.4: The Union Triumphant [keywords] Copperheads New York City Draft Riots Sherman’s March to the Sea [/keywords] [learning objectives] By the end of this section, you will be able to: †¢ Describe the reasons why many Americans doubted that Abraham Lincoln would be reelected †¢ Explain how the Union forces overpowered the Confederacy By the outset of 1864, after three years of war, the Union had mobilized its resources for the ongoing struggle on a massive scale. The government had overseen the construction of new railroad lines and for the first time used standardized rail tracks that allowed the North to move men and materials with greater ease. The North’s economy had shifted to a wartime model. The Confederacy also mobilized, perhaps to a greater degree than the Union, its efforts to secure independence and maintain slavery. Yet the Confederacy experienced ever-greater hardships after years of war. Without the population of the North, it faced a shortage of manpower. The lack of industry, compared to the North, undercut the ability to sustain and wage war. Rampant inflation as well as food shortages in the South lowered morale. [H2]THE RELATIONSHIP WITH EUROPE From the beginning of the war, the Confederacy placed great hope in being recognized and supported by Great Britain and France. European intervention in the conflict remained a strong possibility, but when it did occur, it was not in a way anticipated by either the Confederacy or the Union. Napoleon III ofShow MoreRelatedCauses of the New York City Draft Riots of 18632026 Words   |  9 PagesThe New York City draft riots of 1863 were the cause of a particular feeling among blacks that were recently freed by the Emancipation Proclamation. Since, at the time, blacks were not considered citizens the lottery that was the draft itself did not include those that were not citizens. Btu since the blacks were free but not citizens then they were the spark of much hatred that was aroused by certain factors, particularly from the Irish and German immigrants. The press, fueled part of this hatredRead MoreIrish Immigrants and the New York Draft Riots of 18631453 Words   |  6 PagesThe New York Draft Riots of 1863 In the summer of 1863 New York experienced one of the most violent protests in the American history. The riots were mainly in reaction to the Union draft for the Civil War, which Abraham Lincoln enacted when volunteers began to run out. The riots lasted for five days, and the mob consisted of almost 50,000 angry men who opposed to the Civil War, draft and Emancipation Proclamation. This paper will discuss how the Irish immigrants in New York affected the draft riotsRead MoreEssay on Gangs of New York1544 Words   |  7 Pages Picture Manhattan in 1860, a time before the city had been dolled up and gotten ready for the silver screen, before the glamour and allure took over. Amsterdam Vallan (DiCaprio) is a young Irish man that migrates to the USA at a young age. Amsterdam’s story takes place in Five Points District of New York, a filthy and dangerous part of the city before it was deleted form history. As a young boy Vallan witnessed his father’s murder at the hand of William Cutting or Bill the Butcher (Day-Lewis) duringRead MoreNew York City During The Gilded Age2334 Words   |  10 PagesNew York City during the Gilded Age experienced a transformation on society that would leave a lasting effect on all aspects of the city. During this era in New York City, the idea of politics and its characters developed into some of the modern definitions that citizens still see in government today. The political corruption that consumed politics during this time period became a staple in New York City society. The word corruption gives the tactics of politicians in the Gilded Age a reputationRead MoreThe Effects Of Racially Motivated Violence During The Civil War2534 Words   |  11 Pageswar, New York City was afflicted by riots that would become the city’s most devastating instance of racially motivated violence. Between July 13th and July 16th, 1863, ten days after 46,000 Americans were slain at Gettysburg, riots broke out over a new law pas sed by Congress. This law, the Enrollment Act, was established to bring new recruits into the Union Army that was being diminished by the increasing amount of high-casualty battles. What initially began as a protest against the draft and theRead MoreGangs of New York History vs. Hollywood1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie begins in New York, in 1843, with a gang fight. Bill the butcher Cuttings gang of nativists have challenged the dead rabbits (a gang of mostly Irish immigrants) to a fight to settle once and for all who is the most powerful gang in the area. After an intense battle the nativists win by killing the leader of the dead rabbits, also Amsterdams (the main characters) father. Amsterdam is then led into an orphanage where he grows to be a man, all while Bill Cutting runs the FiveRead More Gangs of New York History vs. Hollywood Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The movie begins in New York, in 1843, with a gang fight. Bill â€Å"the butcher† Cutting’s gang of â€Å"nativists† have challenged the â€Å"dead rabbits† (a gang of mostly Irish immigrants) to a fight to settle once and for all who is the most powerful gang in the area. After an intense battle the â€Å"nativists† win by killing the leader of the â€Å"dead rabbits†, also Amsterdam’s (the main character’s) father. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Amsterdam is then led into an orphanage whereRead MoreThe Effects Of The Conscription Act And Emancipation Proclamation1184 Words   |  5 Pagesdue to the Emancipation Proclamation. The Irish-Americans and African-Americans were competing for jobs; resulting in the biggest civil protest during war times in American history. The New York City Draft Riots of 1863, as stated by Albon P. Man Jr’s journal article, â€Å"Labor Competition and the New York Draft Riots of 1863†, left 1,200 to 1,500 dead from white rioters, though the number of victims by the lynch mobs that were taken away by the water onto either side of Manhattan are unknown. This utterRead MoreJohn J. Crittenden1245 Words   |  5 PagesFort Sumter was the first battle between the North and the South that started the Civil War, one of the most significant wars in United States history. 3. New York City Draft Riots The New York City Draft Riots occurred because citizens and people in the North were being drafted to fight in the war. Many people were angry about the drafts because they believed the people in America were fighting only for the slaves and the African Americans in the country; they believed that all of the fightingRead MoreNew York And The Civil War873 Words   |  4 PagesNew York’s Role in the Civil War New York played a huge role in the Civil War as it was the biggest provider for tools, capital and soldiers during the war effort. New York was also the center of the Civil War Draft Riots. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. The war lasted four years and it left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead. In the end much of the South s infrastructure was destroyed

Review Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1416 Words

Saif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101-104 03/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh dates back to the eighteenth century from Mesopotamia and is believed to be a great work of literature. Some of the copies of this epic are known to be found in the ruins of a library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The story is about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies and how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend. Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as very rash and does not fear death in the early parts of the story. But towards the end he is obsessed with being alive and aspires for eternity. His quest for eternity takes him everywhere and he undertakes dangerous quests in order to live forever. However, whoever he meets especially Utnapishtim and his wife know more than Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk . Gilgamesh struggles so much to avoid death. At the death of his friend Enkidu, he is shatter ed and also become obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, though there are several obstacles on the way. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods. The story’s theme throughout is that love can be a motivating force and the inevitability of death. The dreams that Gilgamesh and Enkidu have lead toShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1407 Words   |  6 PagesSaif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101-104 20/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strengthRead MoreReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1301 Words   |  6 Pagesby the protagonist. The Epic of Gilgamesh, a story written thousands of years ago by the ancient Sumerians, follows the same archetypes as any modern day quest story. Gilgamesh begins his quest when he is separated from his normal life in Uruk and meets Enkidu. He then loses Enkidu and leaves on another journey in search of immortality. He succeeds in finding immortality but ultimately loses it a short time later, and ends his quest when he returns to Uruk. While this epic tells an interesting storyRead MoreReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1097 Words   |  5 PagesN.K. Sandars, The Epic of Gilgamesh, is one of the most well-known stories in literature. Gilgamesh ruled the city of Uruk and one of the most advanced cities during the third millennium B.C. He orders his people to build the strongest walls by protecting them from dangerous attacks. In the Epic, he is described as physically strong, beautiful, and wise ruler of Mesopotamia. Yet, in the beginning, Gilgamesh was uncontrollable of his powers. His people can’t take it anymore and so they prayed to theRead MoreReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 2187 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout the past century, it has been increasingly the case that authors and artisans utilize familiar stories and adapt them into a different medium. This practice of course, has been in place for many thousands of years, as we see the epic of Gilgamesh transcending its initial narrative to become more poetic, and weave itself into various mythologies, and Homers tales have long since made the rounds through all manner of works, whether narrative, paintings, plays or poetry. However, this practiceRead More A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures1302 Words   |  6 Pages A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures The Hebrew Flood story of Noah and his obligation to preserve man kind after God had punished all living creatures for their inequities parallels The Epic of Gilgamesh in several ways. Even though these two compilations are passed on orally at different times in history the similarities and differences invoke deliberation when these stories are compared. Numerous underlining themes are illustrated throughout each story. Humans areRead More The Influence of Women in Epic of Gilgamesh Essay580 Words   |  3 Pagesof Women in Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh can be viewed as a writing that describes the social scene of the times it was written in. The characters of Enkidu and Gilgamesh are strong males. The roles of women in Gilgamesh are submissive and subtle. Women in this ancient Sumerian tale tend to be passive, but capable of influencing the outcome of events. Enkidu is a mighty force to confront. He is so strong that he is seen as a wild animal in his first appearances in the book. Gilgamesh is as strongRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesTonisia Tutt Professor Andre World Literature 1 October 11, 2015 The Epic of Gilgamesh does not quite have a happy end. Truthfully, Gilgamesh is not successful in his mission. It is shortsighted and deceived to expect that Gilgamesh, the saint, must be effective in his journey to hold the characteristics of courage. An unsuccessful journey not harsh any more than a courageous ending is essentially joyful. For recognitions of this, we need to look no more distant than the plenty of thoughtful legendsRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of English in early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer. 6. Uncle Toms Cabin: written by Harriet Beecher StoweRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad2165 Words   |  9 PagesInstructors’ Name Course Name Date Gilgamesh and Achilles as Portrayed in the Writings â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† presented conflict between the ancient kings, the gods, and finest warriors with other ordinary community members. Throughout the writings Gilgamesh, the king of Uru Community, and Achilles, one of the greatest Greek warriors, struggled to resolve the conflicts between the gods and their community members. However, Gilgamesh misused his powers to a pointRead MoreWhat Makes an Epic Hero Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is an epic hero? Although we would like to believe that a hero would always be there to save us as needed, that is not always the case. All heroes are different, but what makes them epic? Many would answer that question by saying because they are in an epic poem or story; however, that answer isn’t true. An epic hero, of course is in an epic narrative, but it is what they accomplish in that specific text. First, an epic hero has to make a grand journey and be in the Gods favor or shall we say

How to reduce the divorce rate Essay Example For Students

How to reduce the divorce rate Essay Contiguous articles in Variety announcing that the contracts of two artistic directors would not be renewed made me think once again about the process of recruiting our theatres leaders and ways to then nurture relationships between artistic and managing directors and their boards and communities. At this time of economic fragility in the field, sudden and frequent leadership changesespecially ones that are not for mutual reasonsare of concern to all of us, since they affect the stability of the field. The divorce rate is increasing rapidly. Over the past several years there have been no fewer than 45 changes in artistic and management leadership at Theatre Communications Groups 242 constituent theatres. We seem to have developed a pattern of musical chairs, where the firing, resignation or retiring of one leader leads to a search that creates an opening at another theatre, which in turn leads to the recruitment of someone from yet another theatre, and so on. As a field, I think we need to consider carefully the domino effect of this pattern, and whether we can do better. I call upon boards, and artistic and managing directors alike, to consider the following questions: * How good is the recruitment process? Does it involve preparing for and establishing an actual process for the searchreviewing the mission statement; deciding on whether to engage a search firm; preparing detailed job descriptions; developing a careful interview process; consulting with other theatres; seeing the work of artistic director candidates; conducting detailed reference checks? * Are artistic and managing directors interchangeable from one theatre to another? What are their aesthetic and institutional goals? Do they possess the necessary leadership qualities, as well as the experience and job skills required? What do they need to know specifically about the community? * Once the selection has been made, are the new theatre leaders welcomed into the community? Do they make an effort to reach out to the community? Do they function as leaders within the community or insulate themselves within the theatres activities? * Once employment is underway, are there regular systems of evaluation in place to provide an early warning system for problems? Are there regular performance reviews conducted by the board and top leadership? (And this should work both ways!) Do board and staff work to forge and strengthen a partnership? * Are boards active in developing occasions for serious interchange? Are the plans and goals of the artistic and managing directors fully understood by the board? Are the expectations clear? * Who is responsible for what? Boards are responsible for hiring and firing in most theatres. Artistic/managing directors are accountable to boards. But both are responsible for communication and the process by which they interact. * What is the impact of the leadership changes? Transitions can be very costly and, when handled badly, very damaging to the institution and the individuals involved. The field already has a serious talent drain, and the increasingly high turnover among those running our institutions is not likely to encourage potential new leaders. Sadly, and too often, those who have served the field long and well are lost to us when they leave the helms of our theatres, and they must seek work in other fields or return to freelance careers. That is why making a commitment is serious. Can we do better? IT WAS DISHEARTENING TO LEARN IN JANUARY that the National Endowment for the Arts Theater Program has terminated its program in support of training. In light of the Endowments reduced budget, certain nips and tucks clearly had to be made. But what kind of signal is sent when the NEA implies training is expendable? .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .postImageUrl , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:hover , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:visited , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:active { border:0!important; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:active , .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37 .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud198a8d38803a7169d6df1df5f02fa37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beneath the plumage EssayEveryone is concerned about where audiences will come from in 10 years. We need also to be concerned with where our artists will come from. To preserve the Endowments interest in training, perhaps grants to training institutions could have been merely suspendedeven alternate-year funding could have been instituted. In this era of fiscal constraint, status quo thinking is probably too optimistic, and the NEA is going to have to limit the scope of its activities. But I hope it is not too late to reconsider the finality of termination of a program that is concerned with the next generation. WHILE ON THE SURFACE THE RECRUITMENT AND retention of artistic and managerial leaders may seem unrelated to the question of training, they are both essential aspects of resource developmenttwo aspects of a continuum. We need leaders and mentors to inspire, attract and provide for future generations, and we need support for their initial training and development. In difficult times, it is not surprising that there is a higher casualty rate among our leaders and our funding sources, but we must work harder to preserve the continuity that fosters a career in the theatre.

John Wycliffe Research Paper free essay sample

The Morning Star of Inspiration John Wycliffe was a 14th-century English philosopher, theologian, and religious reformer, whose egalitarian ideas and beliefs laid the foundation for the Protestant Reformation. As Peter W. Williams notes in the World Book Advanced, Wycliffe was born sometime between 1320 and 1330 A. D. in Yorkshire, England, and was educated at Balliol College, University of Oxford (Williams). According to Alessandro Conti in his entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, John Wycliffe was trained in the â€Å"scholasticism of the medieval Roman Catholic Church,† and became disillusioned with ecclesiastical abuses (Conti). He challenged the Church’s spiritual authority and sponsored the translation of the Christian Scriptures into English. Although the church condemned him as a heretic, John Wycliffe, the so-called â€Å"Morning Star of the Reformation†, was influential not only during his lifetime in areas from politics to religion, but also after his death when his ideas and teachings inspired the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation (Lambert 43). We will write a custom essay sample on John Wycliffe Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wycliffe was famous for his involvement in ecclesiastical politics throughout his lifetime. He received a doctorate in theology in 1372 and taught philosophy at Oxford, while nominally serving as a priest in a succession of parishes (Williams). As LaTourette states in his book A History of Christianity, Wycliffe gained prominence in 1374 during a prolonged dispute between Edward III, King of England, and the papacy over the payment of a certain papal tribute. Both the King and Parliament were reluctant to pay the papal levies. Wycliffe wrote several pamphlets refuting the Popes claims and upholding the right of Parliament to limit church power (663-664). Furthermore, LaTourette states that King Edward appointed Wycliffe to a commission that conferred with papal representatives at Bruges, Belgium regarding the differences between the Crown and the papacy in 1375. The conference failed, but Wycliffe won the support of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and fourth son of King Edward III, who was the leader of an antipapal faction in Parliament and an ally to him throughout his life (664). Around the same time that Wycliffe was spreading these ideas, Patterson J. Smyth notes that the â€Å"Great Schism† occurred in 1378 (78). This was a critical turning point for Wycliffe and acted as a milestone in his career. Two, and eventually three, Popes had contested each other for claim to the papal thrown, resulting in the double election of two Popes — Urban VI and Clement VII (80). As LaTourette makes apparent, it was during this chaotic time that Wycliffe began to argue that the true Church is made up only by those elected by God. Additionally, Wycliffe claimed that since it is God who determines membership, â€Å"no visible church or its officers can control entrance or can exclude from membership† in the Church (663). Although Wycliffe is famous for his activities in ecclesiastical politics, we remember him today for his egalitarian religious ideas and beliefs, which created pushes for reform. In its purest form, his philosophy represented a complete break with the Church. Wycliffe believed in a direct relationship between humanity and God and that by a close adherence to the Scriptures Christians had the ability to govern themselves without the aid of Popes and other religious officials. This idea was supported by the accusation that many of the beliefs and practices of the established Church were unscriptural. Wycliffe held that to resolve the problem the Christian clergy should strive to imitate evangelical poverty, that is, the poverty which Christ and his disciples displayed (Conti). Many of Wycliffe’s ideas were very unpopular with both the Church and the Crown. For example, according to Wilson J. Norman in his work â€Å"Religion and Philosophy: Overview,† in 1376 Wycliffe enunciated the doctrine of â€Å"dominion as founded in grace†, an idea in contrast to the widely accepted belief of the â€Å"divine right of kings† (Norman). Wycliffe believed that all authority and power was convened directly by the grace of God. In addition, LaTourette notes that Wycliffe said any leader who was found to be faithless could legitimately loose his office as well as his privileges (663). In his essays On Divine Dominion and On Civil Dominion, Wycliffe wrote the following: â€Å"Men hold whatever they had received from God as stewards, and if found faithless, could justly be deprived of it;† and â€Å"If through transgression a man forfeited his divine privileges, then of necessity his temporal possessions were also lost. Wycliffe also maintained that sinful preachers and bishops could be outside of God’s law, and believed that â€Å"There was a chance that Popes might err† and that popes were not a necessary element for the administration of the Church (LaTourette 663). Malcolm D. Lambert, writer of Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation, states that John Wycli ffe claimed, â€Å"a worldly Pope was to be proclaimed a heretic† and should be removed from office (7). Wycliffe did not state explicitly that he considered the English church to be sinful and worldly, but his implication was clear, and on May 22, 1377, Pope Gregory XI issued several bills accusing Wycliffe of heresy (Williams). In autumn of the same year, however, Parliament requested Wycliffe’s opinion on the legality of forbidding the English church to ship its riches abroad at the Popes command (Smyth). Wycliffe upheld the lawfulness of such a prohibition, and in early 1378, he was again called before Bishop Courtenay and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon of Sudbury, to state a claim for him. However, Wycliffe was dismissed with only a formal caution because of his strong influence at court. While Wycliffe had just escaped a possible problem with the Church, he defied papal tradition yet again that same year by undertaking an English translation of the Vulgate or Latin Bible, which he completed in 1388 (Smyth). According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Wycliffe renounced the doctrine of transubstantiation in 1379, a bold declaration that caused great furor (John Wycliffe). Standing his ground, Wycliffe began to send out disciples to expound his egalitarian religious views. However, due to the success of his preachers, Wycliffe was suspected of fomenting social unrest. In May 1382, an ecclesiastical court condemned Wycliffe as a heretic and brought about his expulsion from Oxford (Conti). Following these events, Wycliffe retired to his Parish of Lutterworth, where he remained until his death. After Wycliffe died on December 31, 1384, his teachings were spread far and wide (John Wycliffe). For example, as Shannon McSheffrey notes in her book, Gender and Heresy: Women and Men In Lollard Communities, Wycliffe’s Bible was widely distributed by his followers, the Lollards (10). The Lollards derived their name from the medieval word meaning â€Å"to mumble† and consisted of members of the gentry, who protected the distributors of Wycliffe’s beliefs and enabled them to spread their messages (12). LaTourette notes that during his life, Wycliffe called these traveling preachers â€Å"poor priests,† â€Å"poor priests that preach,† â€Å"unlearned and simple men,† â€Å"faithful and poor priests,† â€Å"true priests,† or simply, â€Å"itinerant preachers† (665). These itinerant preachers were encouraged to expound Wycliffe’s ideas whenever and wherever they could gain an audience. For example, in 1395, they nailed a stinging attack on the Church to the door of Westminster Hall in which they â€Å"demand[ed] the Reformation of the Holy Church of England, which has been blind and leprous for many years, and a great burden to the people here in England† (McSheffrey 32). However, as you would expect, reformation was not a word that the Medieval Church wanted to hear. Ultimately, John Wycliffe’s writings, beliefs, and his translation of the Bible inspired later reformers of the Protestant Reformation, and prepared many of the key leaders of the movement who would come nearly a century after his death. For example, Wycliffe’s writings and doctrines influenced John Hus and Martin Luther. In addition, Wycliffe’s writings strongly influenced the later Bohemian religious reformer John Hus in his revolt against the Church. Hus was one of Wycliffe’s followers and actively promoted the idea that all people should be permitted to read the Bible in their own language and should oppose the tyranny of the Roman Church. As Lambert notes, Martin Luther also acknowledged his great debt to Wycliffe (Lambert). The presumption that the reformation began with Luther is in fact incorrect. Rather, John Wycliffe acted as a spark for the Reformation to begin, after which John Hus lit a small torch, and finally Luther took the flame to ignite a full-scale war of ideas known as the Protestant reformation. There is no doubt that b John Wycliffe left quite an impression on the Church. Forty-three years after his death, the Pope had still not forgotten John Wycliffe, and in May 1415 the Council of Constance reviewed Wycliffes heresies and ordered that his body â€Å"disinterred and burned†.

Comparitive Interviews essays

Comparitive Interviews essays In this report the main focus of my interviews was to find out how two people from different age groupings and backgrounds have spent their musical careers throughout the years. Focusing on all kinds of Rock music, I have asked questions and plan to see if the answers given relate someway to theories learnt in lectures. My interviewees for this report were Graham (19) and Ian (46). Starting with a question on why choose the Rock genre over all others, the answers were unsurprisingly different with Graham answering that because there is not set sound to rock music, it is a very diverse genre with the likes of Deep Purple and Iron Maidens Heavy Metal genre from the 1970 - 80s to make you dance and the easy listening diversity of many other artists work such as The Beatles and Elvis Presley all classed in the same genre. Another factor was that if you look back over time, successful artists have been rock influenced or in rock bands themselves. Showing that popularity in the past can still influence popular culture today. Ian answering that he never really chose the Rock genre over any others noting that its not a mutually exclusive choice and asking what is rock anyway?. He goes on to tell me that as time and music changed his tastes also changed with the music, firstly being into Heavy Metal, then Progressive Rock and finally Punk music. This question reveals that while one person can be influenced by history, liking what people have perceived to be good over a number of years, another person can be critical of being put into a certain genre. Taking if you look back over time, successful artists have been rock influenced or in rock bands themselves from Grahams answer I noticed a pattern that seems to agree with theorist Theodore Adorno. He states th...

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template]

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template] What is the meaning of internal memo? The term "internal memo" is actually redundant since a memo is always an internal document. A memo is a business document that communicates information internally in an organization. A business letter communicates information outside of an organization. Email is used both inside and outside an organization. Here is a standard business memo format model. Note: a business memo should not exceed two pages. Memo Format Example Letterhead (drop down 1.5 inches from Letterhead) Memo To: Name of Person and Title in Organization From: Your Name Date: Month, Day, Year Subject: Be very specific (NOTE: There is no salutation greeting in a memo, as there is in a letter or email.) I propose that we purchase or lease a van to serve as a mobile bookstore. We could use this van to generate sales in the outlying towns and villages throughout the state where our retail stores are not penetrating. (Direct and brief introduction which sums up the point of the memo succinctly.) Rationale for Van (informative heading.) We have been aware for some time that many small towns around the state do not have adequate bookstore facilities, but the economics of the situation are such that we would not be able to open a comprehensive branch and operate it profitably. However, we could afford to stock a van with books and operate it for a few days at a time in various small towns throughout the state. As you are probably aware, the laws of this state would permit us to acquire a statewide business license fairly easily and inexpensively. (Provides brief, but full, background and feasibility information to the reader.) With the proper advance advertising, we should be able to generate much interest in this initiative. It seems to me that this idea has much merit because of the flexibility it offers us. For example, we could tailor the length of our stay to the size of the town and the amount of business generated. Also, we could customize our inventory to the needs and interests of the particular locales.(Additional persuasive information.) Actions Request The driver of the van would act as the salesperson, and we would, of course, have copies of our complete catalog so that mail orders could be taken as well. Please let me know your thoughts about this proposal. If you wish, I can explore the matter further and generate cost and sales estimates. (Clear closing that asks for specific action.) Memorandum Format PDF Example The Purdue University Online Writing Lab shares this downloadable PDF example. It provides another strong example of proper formatting. Notice the format: All text is justifed to the left side of the page. None of the first paragraphs are indented. Business documents use justified left format, while academic format indents the first paragraph. Text is single spaced between lines. There is double spacing between paragraphs. How to End a Memo Notice that there is no closing signature in a memo, as there would be in a business email or business letter. The best ending for a memo is a clear closing action, stated in the last paragraph. And, be very clear about what you want your reader to know or do after reading the memo, which makes it easy for your reader to respond. Master Business Writing in This Course: Effective Business Writing Techniques

Please look at case study number one I will upload the assisgnment

Please look at number one I will upload the assisgnment - Case Study Example This finding resulted in the change of focus for the company from the US market to the growing market of China. Also, it needs to be mentioned that during the year 2001, the inclusion of mainland China in the WTO resulted in the eradication of limitations in regards to investment of foreign nature. This provided significant amount of momentum to the new focus of Acer. Also, the factor associated with low cost skilled manpower that is available in the Chinese markets ended up in providing strong potential for growth. It is of considerable importance to state that while concentrating on the process of altering the focus of the company, the top management realized that the key to achieving growth in the foreign markets is highly linked to the factor of attaining significant strong point in the local market. Talking more specifically in regards to what has been desired as the ‘divide and conquer approach of Acer’, it can be said that the company’s top management assum ed that by gaining the economies of scale in the local market of China, it will develop an upper hand in regards to developing more innovative products that will help the company to strengthen its position in the local market as well as develop an edge in regards to capturing the international market (Electronic Business Asia, p .34). It is of considerable importance to highlight the fact that the paradox related to the company’s focus on the global and local markets is part of company’s long terms strategy. It is relevant to mention that during the middle of the 90’s period, the company was facing issues of depreciating sales in the markets of the United States. Significant analysis by the company in regards to the causes associated with the slowdown in sales resulted in a strategic change of the company. The top management of Acer realized that for